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After a long colonial rule, Peru gained independence from Spain on July 28, 1821 and the country adopted a red and white flag diagonally divided into four sections. The flag was later modified to a vertically striped red-white-red design in 1822, and was officially adopted in its current design on February 25, 1825. The flag of Peru was designed by José de San Martín, who is regarded as the prime leader in the independence of southern South America's colonies from Spain. Peru's flag is one of the oldest in the world.
The flag of Peru consists of three equal sized vertical stripes - red left and right stripes and a white middle stripe with a width-to-length ratio of 2:3. The state flag of Peru also incorporates the shield from the national coat of arms in the middle of it. The coat of arms features a mountain llama and cinchona tree, important symbols of Peru, and a centered cornucopia representing prosperity. Red and white colours of the flag symbolize the golden period of Inca Empire in Peru. The red stripes also represent the blood blood shed in the fight for Peruvian freedom, while the white stands for peace and justice.
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